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Operation Safed Sagar

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  OPERATION SAFED SAGAR Operation Safed Sagar was the code name assigned to the Indian Air Force's strike to support  the Ground troops during Operation Vijay that was aimed to flush out Regular and Irregular troops of the  Pakistani Army from Indian Positions in the Kargil sector along the Line of Control. It was the first large scale  use of air power in the Jammu and Kashmir region since the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. Ground Operations Initial infiltrations were noticed in Kargil in early May, 1999.  Because of the extreme winter weather in Kashmir it was common  practice for the Indian and Pakistani Army to abandon forward posts  and reoccupy them in the spring. That particular spring, the Pakistan  Army reoccupied the forward posts before the scheduled time not only  theirs but also the posts which belonged to India, in a bid to capture  Kashmir. By the second week of May, an ambush on an Indian army patrol acting on a tip- off by a...
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Buck boost converter

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  Buck boost converter  A Buck-Boost converter is a type of DC-DC converter that can both step up and step down a DC voltage. It is also called an inverting regulator. The buck-boost converter is widely used in applications where the input voltage may vary widely, such as battery-operated devices. The operation of a Buck-Boost converter can be divided into two modes: Buck mode and Boost mode. In Buck mode, the input voltage is higher than the output voltage. The converter operates by turning on a switch (typically a MOSFET) to allow current to flow from the input source through an inductor to the output load. The inductor stores energy during the switch-on time and releases it to the output load during the switch-off time. The output voltage is determined by the ratio of the on-time to the off-time of the switch. In Boost mode, the input voltage is lower than the output voltage. The converter operates by charging an inductor with current from the input source during the switch...
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Basic Definitions

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Basic Definitions Mass It is quantity of matter contained in a body. It does not depend upon gravitational force. The  fundamental unit of mass is the Kilogram (kg). Weight Weight is the force exerted by gravity. Weight of body is dependent upon gravitational force, so it is  not constant. Weight = Mass x Gravitational acceleration W =m g Force It is push or pull acting on a body which changes or tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion of the body. As per Newton's second law of motion Force ∝ acceleration F= m a  In SI unit (International system), unit of mass is kg and unit of acceleration is m/s2 and unit of the force is Newton (N). When m = 1 kg, and a = 1 m/s then F = 1 N. 1 N: When unit mass is given unit acceleration then the force produced is 1 N. Pressure It is the force exerted by fluid (liquid or gas) on unit area. It is a property of fluid.  Pressure=Force/Area=N/m² The unit of pressure is known as Pascal (Pa) or N/m2 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 Other comm...
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